Indonesian and Korean high school student’s disparities in science learning orientations: an approach to multi-group structural equation modeling

Asia-Pacific Science Education

Table 4 The comparison of every path’s standardized β values for both countries

Paths	Standardized β values		z-score
Paths	Indonesia	Korea	z-score
Reproductive → Surface Approach	.27**	.40**	3.41**
Constructivist → Deep Approach	.61**	.49**	−1.51
Reproductive → Deep Approach	.11**	−.10**	−4.24**
Constructivist → Surface Approach	.08	.03	−0.65
Constructivist → Self-efficacy	.22**	.08*	−2.65**
Deep Approach → Self-efficacy	.35**	.73**	5.63**
Surface Approach → Self-efficacy	−.10**	−.04	1.55