Table 1 Design process in different areas
Design in technology (International Technology Education Association, 2007) | Design in engineering (NGSS Lead States., 2013) | Design in art (Davis, 1998) |
|---|---|---|
 - Identify a design problem  - Identify criteria and constraints  - Refine a design by using prototypes and modeling  - Evaluate the design solution using conceptual, physical, and mathematical models  - Develop and produce a product or system  - Evaluate final solutions  - Communicate observation, processes, and results | - Define and delimit an engineering problem (design purpose, criteria and constraints of a successful solution) - Develop possible solutions: using models including mathematical models - Optimize the design solution: evaluation of multiple solutions, making trade-offs | - Identification of a problem - Research and ranking of priorities - Viability test of multiple solutions through prototypes - Evaluation of objects against a socially mediated set of performance criteria |