Table 2 Descriptions of the scales of CLEQ (Fisher and Waldrip 1999)
Cultural dimensions | Scales | Description |
|---|---|---|
Individualism vs collectivism | Collaboration | The extent to which students perceive that they collaborate with other students rather than act as individuals |
Competition | The extent to which the students are competitive with each other | |
Masculinity vs femininity | Equity | The extent to which students perceive that boys and girls are treated equally |
Power distance | Teacher authority | The extent to which students perceive that the teacher has authority in the classroom |
Uncertainty avoidance | Deference | The extent to which students feel that they defer to the opinions of others |
Modeling | The extent to which the students expect to learn by a process of modeling | |
Congruence | The extent to which the students perceive learning at school matches their learning at home |