Table 1 The criteria re-structured for analyzing the cultural features of classrooms based on Hofstede’s theory
Hofstede (1983) | Cultural dimensions in science classrooms (the analysis criteria of this study) | |
|---|---|---|
Common problems | Cultural dimensions | |
Relationships between individuals and groups | Individualism vs collectivism | Relationships between individuals and groups |
Conceptions of masculinity and femininity | Masculinity vs femininity | Gender equity of social roles and participation in science activities |
Relationships with power | Power distance | Relationships between students and science teachers |
Response to the uncertainty | Uncertainty avoidance | Features of science teaching and learning processes, including uncertain situations |