Exploration of the variety of teachers’ VNOS in China: Is the “step-over development” approach effective?

Asia-Pacific Science Education

Table 3 Descriptive analysis of teachers’ VNOS on each dimension

Sub-scale	Dimension	Mean(percent^a)	SD
Classic VNOS	Importance of observation	2.33 (77.67%)	0.37
	Unity of science	2.40 (80.00%)	0.39
	Objectivity of science	2.44 (81.33%)	0.49
	Communication and collaboration in science	2.25 (75.00%)	0.47
Modern VNOS	Observations and inferences	3.31 (66.20%)	0.76
	Tentativeness	4.06 (81.20%)	0.85
	Scientific theories and law	2.76 (55.20%)	0.63
	Social and cultural embeddedness	3.42 (68.40%)	0.74
	Creativity and Imagination	3.27 (65.40%)	0.97
	Scientific methods	3.79 (75.80%)	0.75

^aSince the classic and modern scales are different in scoring methods (3 points and 5 points), conversion was performed to obtain a unified centesimal system