Table 2
Level | Learning Outcomes |
|---|---|
Primary 3 and Primary 4 (aged 9 – 10 years old) | By the end of this unit, students should be able to: |
• List some common sources of heat. • State that the temperature of an object is a measurement of its degree of hotness. • Differentiate between heat and temperature. - heat is a form of energy - temperature is a measurement of the degree of hotness of an object • Show an understanding that heat flows from a hotter to a colder object/region/place until both reach the same temperature. • Relate the change in temperature of an object to the gain or loss of heat by the object. • List some effects of heat gain/loss in our everyday life. - contraction/expansion of objects (solid, liquid and gas) - change in state of matter • Identify good and poor conductors of heat. - good conductors: metals - poor conductors: wood, plastics, air | |
Secondary 1 and Secondary 2 (aged 13 -14 years old) | By the end of this unit, students should be able to: |
• Describe some effects and applications of expansion and contraction in everyday life State the S.I. unit of temperature and use the appropriate unit for it • Explain what is meant by conduction, convection and radiation • Identify and explain applications of heat conduction and convection (e.g. in cooling, heating and insulation) • Show an understanding that the rate of heat loss or gain by a body through radiation is affected by the (i) nature of its surface and (ii) temperature difference between the body and its surroundings • Identify and explain applications of heat radiation (e.g. radiant heaters, solar radiation) | |
Secondary 3 and Secondary 4 (aged 15 – 16 years old) | Kinetic Model of Matter |
• Compare the properties of solids, liquids and gases • Describe qualitatively the molecular structure of solids, liquids and gases, relating their properties to the forces and distances between molecules and to the motion of the molecules • Describe the relationship between the motion of molecules and temperature | |
Transfer of Thermal Energy | |
• Show understanding that thermal energy is transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature • Describe, in molecular terms, how energy transfer occurs in solids • Describe, in terms of density changes, convection in fluids • Explain that energy transfer of a body by radiation does not require a material medium and the rate of energy transfer is affected by: i. colour and texture of the surface ii. surface temperature iii. surface area • Apply the concept of thermal energy transfer to everyday applications | |
Thermal Properties of Matter | |
• Describe a rise in temperature of a body in terms of an increase in its internal energy (random thermal energy) • Describe melting/solidification and boiling/condensation as processes of energy transfer without a change in temperature • Explain the difference between boiling and evaporation |