Table 1 The stages of engineering design for engineers suggested by engineering education researchers
Pahl and Beitz (1996) | Cross (2000) | Khandani (2005) | Haik and Shahin (2011) | Dym et al. (2013) | Dieter and Schmidt (2013) | Budynas and Nisbett (2015) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
• Planning and Clarifying of the task • Conceptual design • Embodiment design • Detail design | • Exploration • Generation • Evaluation • Communication | • Define the problem • Gather pertinent information • Generate multiple solutions • Analyze and select a solution • Test and implement the solution | • Requirements • Product concept • Solution concept • Embodiment design • Detailed design | • Problem definition • Conceptual design • Preliminary design • Detailed design • Design communication | • Define problem • Gather information • Concept generation • Evaluate concept Product architecture • Configuration design • Parametric design • Detail design | • Identification of need • Definition of problem • Synthesis • Analysis and optimization • Evaluation • Presentation |