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Table 3 Extraction of factors for collective intelligence from attributes related to collective intelligence

From: The development and validation of the GI-ALE instructional model for the emerging collective intelligence of the scientifically gifted student

Authors (year)

Attributes related to collective intelligence

Lee and Lee (2009)

Shared mental model

Diversity

Collaborative intelligence

Social networking

Collective memory system

Integrated group performance

Lévy (1994a, 1994b)

  

Intelligence is continuously valued

Practical competence

Real-time adjustable

Intelligence distributed everywhere

Intelligence distributed everywhere

Real-time adjustable

Surowiecki (2005)

 

Diversity

Independence

Decentralization and coordination (collaboration)

  

Leadbeater (2009)

Task to stimulate challenging desires

Organization of core structure

Connect (make relationship)

Differentiation of tasks by modules

Core

Collaborate

Connect (make relationship)

Sharing of project ownership

Core organization

Create

Feedback from peer verification

Clear rules for selecting ideas

Sawyer (2011)

Ability to discover new problems

Start with a little improvised idea

Give meaning to ideas

Deep listening

Produce endless ideas

Enough time for innovation

Developing ideas through mutual advice

Feedback from peer verification

Team members build on their collaborators’ ideas

 

Developing ideas through mutual advice

Feedback from peer evaluation

Give meaning to ideas

Hill et al. (2014)

Common goals and shared values

 

Creative abrasion

Creative agility

 

Restricted action rule

Creative resolution (reinterpretation)

Factors for collective intelligence

Shared vision and value

Domain-specific knowledge

Diversity of knowledge

Decentralization and integration (dynamic interaction)

Construction of a knowledge-sharing system

Synergy effect (evaluation of usability of output)