Exploring the roles of students’ home resources and attitudes towards science in science achievement: a comparison of South Korea, Turkey, and the United States in TIMSS 2015

Asia-Pacific Science Education

Table 6 Multiple regression results with home resources and attitudes towards science as predictors by countries

		β Coefficient	Standardized β Coefficient	t
South Korea (HR N = 4575) (ATS N = 4412)	Home Resources (HR)	6.59	.24	12.13***
South Korea (HR N = 4575) (ATS N = 4412)	Attitudes Towards Science (ATS)	1.99	.30	16.86***
Turkey (HR N = 5254) (ATS N = 5936)	Home Resources (HR)	7.17	.23	8.61***
Turkey (HR N = 5254) (ATS N = 5936)	Attitudes Towards Science (ATS)	5.46	.41	20.04 ***
United States (HR N = 9168) (ATS N = 8661)	Home Resources (HR)	5.46	.16	11.67***
United States (HR N = 9168) (ATS N = 8661)	Attitudes Towards Science (ATS)	1.72	.21	16.49***

Data were collected from the TIMSS 2015 International Results in Science report (Martin et al., 2016a). ‘HR’ represents ‘Home Resources’ and ‘ATS’ represents ‘Attitudes Towards Science’. The N varies between HR and ATS in each country due to differences in the number of participants in each section of the student background questionnaire. *p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001