Middle school student attitudes toward science, and their relationships with instructional practices: a survey of Chinese students’ preferred versus actual instruction

Asia-Pacific Science Education

Table 6 Repeated measures ANOVA results for direct teaching (N = 1299)

Source	MS	df	F	p	Partial η²
Within-Subjects Effects
Discrepancy	25.663	1	690.153	0.000	0.348
Discrepancy * Sex	0.016	1	0.432	0.511	0.000
Discrepancy * School Type	0.197	2	5.299	0.005	0.008
Discrepancy * Sex * School Type	0.019	2	0.500	0.607	0.001
Error (Discrepancy)	0.037	1293
Between-Subjects Effects
Sex	0.544	1	2.697	0.101	0.002
School Type	0.712	2	3.529	0.030	0.005
Sex * School Type	0.110	2	0.545	0.580	0.001
Error	0.202	1293

Significance levels for within-subjects effects are unchanged when using Greenhouse-Geisser or Huynh-Feldt corrections