Middle school student attitudes toward science, and their relationships with instructional practices: a survey of Chinese students’ preferred versus actual instruction

Asia-Pacific Science Education

Table 5 Repeated measures ANOVA results for constructivist teaching (N = 1299)

Source	MS	df	F	p	Partial η²
Within-Subjects Effects
Discrepancy	513.957	1	1434.103	0.000	0.526
Discrepancy * Sex	0.624	1	1.742	0.187	0.001
Discrepancy * School Type	0.972	2	2.713	0.067	0.004
Discrepancy * Sex * School Type	0.191	2	0.534	0.586	0.001
Error (Discrepancy)	0.358	1293
Between-Subjects Effects
Sex	2.706	1	5.918	0.015	0.005
School Type	28.293	2	61.866	0.000	0.087
Sex * School Type	0.211	2	0.462	0.630	0.001
Error	0.457	1293

Significance levels for within-subjects effects are unchanged when using Greenhouse-Geisser or Huynh-Feldt corrections