Table 7 Criteria used in rADI to evaluate student scientific argumentation skills
Qualities of scientific argumentation skills | Five elements of identifying scientific argumentation skills | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Claima | Warranta | Evidence | Counter argument | Supportive argument | |
Excellent (4 points) | Make a claim with Excellent warrants | Give rational reasons to support a claim using 3 or more reasons | Provide scientific evidence to support their claim using 3 or more examples | Give a different claim and give credible reasons to support that claim using 3 or more reasons | Rebut the counter-argument using 3 or more valid reasons |
Good (3 points) | Make a claim with Good warrants | Give rational reasons to support a claim using 1–2 reasons | Provide scientific evidence to support their claim using 1–2 examples | Give a different claim and give credible reasons to support that claim using 1–2 reasons | Rebut the counter-argument using 1–2 valid reasons |
Fair (2 points) | Make a claim with Fair warrants | Give a reason based on emotions and feelings | Provide scientific evidence to support their claim but the evidence comes from emotions and feelings | Give a different claim but no reason to support that claim | Attempts to rebut the counter argument without using feelings, but the reasoning is poor |
Improve (1 point) | Make a claim with no warrant Or | Give no reason or giving a reason that does not relate to the claim Or | No scientific evidence to support the claim Or | Not giving any different claim, and no reason Or | No attempt to rebut the counter argument Or |
Not making any claim | Give no reason | Provide evidence that does not support the claim. | Give a different claim but give unreasonable reasons which may involve emotions and feelings | Attempts to rebut the counter-argument based on emotions or feeling alone | |