Table 10 independent t-test analyses of students’ scientific argumentation skills (n = 155)
Levene’s Test for Equality of Variances | t-test for Equality of Means | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | Sig. | t | df | Sig. (2-tailed) | Mean Difference | SD | 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference | |||
Lower | Upper | |||||||||
Pretest sci. argumentation skills | Equal variances assumed | .669 | .415 | .584 | 153 | .560 | .292 | .500 | −.696 | 1.279 |
Equal variances not assumed | .579 | 143.300 | .563 | .292 | .504 | −.704 | 1.288 | |||
Posttest sci. argumentation skills | Equal variances assumed | 1.122 | .291 | 9.191 | 153 | .000 | 4.077 | .444 | 3.201 | 4.954 |
Equal variances not assumed | 9.236 | 152.168 | .000 | 4.077 | .441 | 3.205 | 4.949 | |||