Table 6 Examples of propositions of German and Japanese student teachers (the authors added terms in brackets to make the meaning of the propositions clear)
From: Comparison of German and Japanese student teachers’ views on creativity in chemistry class
Category | Examples of propositions of German student teachers | Examples of propositions of Japanese student teachers |
|---|---|---|
Attitude to Creativity in Chemistry Classes | “creativity facilitates acquisition of knowledge” “the students’ interest is awakened [by] creativity in chemistry classes” | “creativity in chemistry classes leads to new perspectives” “creativity in chemistry classes leads to knowledge” |
Implementation of Creativity in Chemistry Classes | “creativity in chemistry classes [is] included in experiments” “creativity varies variation [of] methods, for example jigsaw classroom [and] learning at stations” | “having questions is solved by experiments” “discussions about scientific phenomena” |
Conditions for Creativity in Chemistry Classes | “creativity requires ambitious planning of the teacher” “creativity in chemistry classes needs good classroom atmosphere” | “creativity in chemistry classes uses knowledge” “student leads to creativity in chemistry classes” |
Obstacles to the Implementation of Creativity in Chemistry Classes | “curriculum limits creativity in chemistry classes” “creativity in chemistry classes [is] difficult to grade” | “rule is obstacle” “curriculum restricts teacher” |
Consequences and Effects of Creativity in Chemistry Classes | “creativity in chemistry classes stimulates independent thinking” “creativity in chemistry classes leads to motivation” | “you gain knowledge [by] creativity in chemistry classes” “creativity in chemistry classes leads to new perspectives” |
Students’ Role | “students are influenced by social environment [and] social conventions” “students have an influence on classroom atmosphere” | “students influence classroom atmosphere” “students have intrapersonal characteristics” |
Teacher’s Role | “teacher uses [or] develops methods” “creativity must be [in] teacher” | “teacher should lead to a better classroom atmosphere” “teacher assesses ability” |
Individual Definition of Creativity | “creativity is ability” “creativity means no work according to Scheme F” | “creativity is idea” “creativity is similar to originality/innovation” |
Influencing Factors on Creativity | “social environment can influence creativity” “cognitive process results in creativity” | “ability leads to differences in creativity” “intrapersonal characteristics influence creativity” |
Characteristics of Creativity | “creativity allows new perspectives” “creativity manifests in originality/innovation, among other things” | “creativity leads to originality/ innovation” “creativity [is] connected to idea” |
Influencing Factors on General Processes in Class | “independence of students to solve problems” “motivation leads to new knowledge” | “self-motivated learning results in knowledge” “media have an influence on classroom atmosphere” |
Creativity in Non-school Activities and Everyday Life | “creativity produces inventions [and therefore] individual prestige” “knowledge influences product” | “idea contributes to comfort” “creativity needs development” - “development contributes to the world” |